There is a two month period during which other people can oppose a Trademark application advertised in the Journal. This phase is called "opposition".

If someone does "oppose" your application, your lawyer or trademark agent will be notified by mail. During the "opposition", the Trademarks Opposition Board (TMOB) will conduct oral hearings and hear evidence before making a decision. During these proceedings, both parties may present evidence to support their respective cases. Additionally, an investigator may be hired to gather this evidence.