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A Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is a document that allows a company to invite a suitable applicant to apply for a work permit, via sponsorship.
Typically, a company must show proof of recruitment efforts for at least 30 days. If a company can’t find a suitable candidate within Canada, they would submit an application to the government to get an approval to sponsor an immigrant.
Once the LMIA is approved, the company would provide a document to a candidate, who can use it to submit an application for a work permit.
A word of caution: be very, very careful of people or companies offering LMIA’s, especially for a fee. Not only is it illegal, it will hurt both the employer and the applicant, if discovered.